AUTOMATIC STEERING SYSTEMS
Most vessels are equipped with some form of automatic steering system which takes input from the master gyro through the repeater system. In some cases, magnetic compasses have been adapted to provide a type of directional signal for use with automatic steering. The auto pilot may be a separate system or connected as part of the electric steering unit. Electric steering units, in turn, may utilize a single helm with dual operational systems for the rudder; they may also supplement an existing hydraulic system.
Generally the steering system, when in automatic mode, accepts signals from the repeater network and compensates for the difference between the required course and actual heading. The more sophisticated the system is, the more varied the performance controls will be. Most basic systems contain a weather adjustment that will slow motion of the of the rudder in heavy seas so the steering system is not overworlwd. There will also be a rudder adjustment to limit the amount of rudder adjustment in returning the vessel to course. Other performance controls may include a speed adjustment or a light loaded vessel adjustment.
Gyro pilots, which are part of the primary electric steering system will also have additional features that should be recognized. They include a power failure alarm for the steering unit or rudder control systems. A system selector to switch between the port and starboard rudder control systems will also be available. Various course indicators may be in the form of an open scale repeater or digital repeater as well as a rudder order indicator. Some gyro pilots have a non-follow-up control system (NFU) capable of direct control of the rudder without use of a wheel. This unit is commonly identified in the form of a remote station containing a joystick that can be placed anywhere in the vessel.
