DRAFT AND TRIM IN BALLAST
The amount of trim by the stern depends on the handling characteristics of the ship, but it is better to have a bit too much drag than not enough. Try to at least get the stern well down if stress or loading conditions limit ballasting since:
1. The ship has excellent directional stability with good drag.
2. The propeller and rudder are then most effective. With a deeper draft aft the ship steers better, requires less distance to stop, twists less when the engine is put astern, and requires less rudder to counter the torque of the propeller when going astern.
3. It is preferable that the bow also be ballasted to at least a moderate draft to reduce windage and submerge the bow thruster so it is effective. So if a choice must be made between getting the bow down or a proper draft aft, choose the draft aft.
