HELICOPTER OPERATIONS
It used to be that a helicopter was used only for emergency evacuation of a sick or injured crewmember. This was done by hovering over the ship and lowering a litter to the deck. Now helicopters are being used for crew changes and bringing out stores, and pilots such as off the Columbia River. In either case, it is preferable to put the ship on a heading and adjust speed to create a 15 to 25 knot relative wind on one bow.
This gives the helicopter a headwind, minimizes the turbulence over the deck that would be created by the ship's superstructure if the wind is put dead ahead, and carries the stack gases to one side away from the approaching helicopter. It is stressed that it is the relative wind that is important and a maneuvering board plot should be done if necessary to find the heading that produces the desired relative wind direction and force. Sometimes heading is not obvious, especially if the true wind is stronger than 25 knots.
Communication should be established with the helicopter on VHF as soon as practical so maneuvers can be agreed upon. The helicopter pilot may recommend course and speed changes. When the ship is rolling more than a few degrees, and the helicopter is to land on deck for the transfer, the master must warn the helicopter off since it is dangerous to land under such conditions. If the helicopter is only to hover, this is not a problem.
Lower the dipole antenna and remove any other obstructions prior to the helicopter's arrival so they do not foul the helicopter's rotor blades during the operation. An unobstructed deck area must be provided, clearly marked with the internationally recognized letter "H" surrounded by a circle to designate the clear area. Have the engine ready to maneuver in case any problems develop during the operation. Hoist a flag forward and another on the flying bridge so the pilot can judge the wind direction and speed during the operation. Light the ship well so all obstructions and the landing area are clearly visible, but use lights shining forward so they don't blind the pilot as he approaches.
Do not touch a basket or litter when it is lowered. Allow the basket to land on deck so the static charge is discharged before anyone handles it. While putting a man or gear into the basket or litter do not secure it to the ship in any way.
